The original article by Thomas Petazzoni can be found in his STM32MP1 blog.
Achtung
- Ausgangsbasis sind die Vorarbeiten aus Lab 3
- Bei Buildroot mit stm32mp157c-dk2.dts konfigurieren
Introduction
In Linux, both display controllers and GPUs are managed by a Linux kernel subsystem called DRM, for Direct Rendering Manager. The DRM drivers are located in drivers/gpu/drm in the Linux kernel source code. If the hardware also has a GPU in addition to the display controller, then the most significant part of handling the GPU is done in user-space libraries implementing OpenGL. In the open-source world, the de-facto standard OpenGL implementation is Mesa3D, which has support for a number of different GPUs. From a GPU driver perspective, the kernel mainly serves as a way for the user-space OpenGL library to allocate buffers and send commands to the GPU.
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In our case, we are going to use the Qt graphical toolkit, and on embedded Linux systems, it has four main display backends: eglfs (which requires an OpenGL/EGL graphics stack), linuxfb (which uses a simple legacy framebuffer interface), wayland (for Wayland, obviously) and xcb (for X.org). To keep things simple and because we don’t require OpenGL support, we will use the linuxfb backend.
Touch panel support in the Linux kernel
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# modetest trying to open device 'i915'...failed trying to open device 'amdgpu'...failed trying to open device 'radeon'...failed trying to open device 'nouveau'...failed trying to open device 'vmwgfx'...failed trying to open device 'omapdrm'...failed trying to open device 'exynos'...failed trying to open device 'tilcdc'...failed trying to open device 'msm'...failed trying to open device 'sti'...failed trying to open device 'tegra'...failed trying to open device 'imx-drm'...failed trying to open device 'rockchip'...failed trying to open device 'atmel-hlcdc'...failed trying to open device 'fsl-dcu-drm'...failed trying to open device 'vc4'...failed trying to open device 'virtio_gpu'...failed trying to open device 'mediatek'...failed trying to open device 'meson'...failed trying to open device 'pl111'...failed trying to open device 'stm'...done Encoders: id crtc type possible crtcs possible clones 3128 0 DPI 0x00000001 0x000000010x00000000 3330 3733 DSI 0x00000001 0x000000020x00000000 |
So the display controller has two encoders:
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Connectors: id encoder status name size (mm) modes encoders 3229 0 disconnectedconnected HDMI-A-1 0x0520x320 5 0 3128 propsmodes: 1index EDID: name refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp vss vse vtot) #0 1280x720 60.00 1280 flags:1390 immutable1430 blob 1650 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #1 1280x720 60.00 1280 blobs: 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #2 value: 2 DPMS: flags: enum enums: On=0 Standby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3 800x600 75.00 800 816 896 1056 600 601 604 625 49500 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #3 720x480 59.94 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver #4 720x480 59.94 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver props: 1 EDID: value: 0 5 link-status:flags: immutable blob flagsblobs: enum enumsvalue: Good=0 Bad=1 value: 0 00ffffffffffff0009d10a7845540000 6 non-desktop: flags: immutable range1d120103803420782ec5c4a3574a9c23 values: 0 1 124f52a56b807100810095008180b300 value: 0 4 TILE: a940d1000101283c80a070b023403020 flags: immutable blob 360007442100001a000000ff00463738 blobs: value:30303937345a4c300a20000000fd0032 34 33 connected DSI-1 551f5e11000a202020202020000000fc 52x86 1 330042656e51204732343030570a2001e6 modes: index name refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp vss vse vtot02031af14604900301850766030c0010 #0 480x800 50.00 480 578 610 708 800 815 825 839 29700 flags: ; type: preferred, driver props: 00008301000023090707011d007251d0 1 EDID: flags: immutable blob1e206e285500c48e2100001f011d8018 blobs: 711c1620582c2500c48e2100009e8c0a value: 2 DPMS: d08a20e02d10103e9600c48e21000019 flags: enum 023a801871382d40582c4500c48e2100 enums: On=0 Standby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3 value: 00006d60980a020e02d1008602200128e 5 link-status: flags: enum2108081800000000000000000000002c 2 DPMS: flags: enum enums: GoodOn=0 BadStandby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3 value: 0 65 nonlink-desktopstatus: flags: immutable rangeenum valuesenums: Good=0 Bad=1 value: 0 46 TILEnon-desktop: flags: immutable blobrange blobsvalues: 0 1 value: CRTCs: id 0 fb 19 CRTC_ID: pos size 37 40 flags: object (0,0) (480x800) #0 480x800 50.00 480 578 610 708 800 815 825 839 29700 flags: ; type: preferred, driver props: value: 0 31 30 connected 24 VRR_ENABLED: DSI-1 52x86 flags: range 1 30 valuesmodes: 0 1 index name refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp value: 0vss vse vtot) #0 480x800 50.00 480 578 610 708 800 815 825 839 29700 flags: ; type: preferred, driver props: 281 GAMMA_LUTEDID: flags: immutable blob blobs: value: 29 GAMMA_LUT_SIZE2 DPMS: flags: immutable rangeenum valuesenums: On=0 4294967295 Standby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3 value: 256 Planes: id0 crtc 5 link-status: fb CRTC x,y x,yflags: enum gamma size possible crtcs 35 enums: Good=0 Bad=1 37 40 0,0 value: 0 0,06 non-desktop: 0 flags: immutable 0x00000001range formats: AR24 XR24 RG24 RG16 AR15 XR15 AR12 XR12 C8 props: values: 0 1 8 type: value: 0 flags: immutable enum19 CRTC_ID: enumsflags: Overlay=0 Primary=1 Cursor=2object value: 1 30 IN_FORMATS33 CRTCs: id fb pos flags: immutable blobsize 33 41 (0,0) blobs: (480x800) #0 480x800 50.00 480 578 610 708 800 815 825 839 29700 flags: ; valuetype: preferred, driver props: 20 ACTIVE: 01000000000000000900000018000000 flags: range values: 0 1 01000000400000004152323458523234 value: 1 21 52473234524731364152313558523135MODE_ID: flags: blob 41523132585231324338202000000000 blobs: ff010000000000000000000000000000 value: 000000000000000004740000e00142026202c40200002003 in_formats blob decoded: 2f033903470300003200000000000000 AR24: LINEAR(0x0) 48000000343830783830300000000000 XR24: LINEAR(0x0)00000000000000000000000000000000 RG24: LINEAR(0x0)00000000 18 OUT_FENCE_PTR: RG16flags: LINEAR(0x0)range values: 0 18446744073709551615 AR15: LINEAR(0x0) value: 0 25 GAMMA_LUT: XR15: LINEAR(0x0) flags: blob AR12: LINEAR(0x0)blobs: value: 26 XR12GAMMA_LUT_SIZE: LINEAR(0x0) flags: immutable range C8: LINEAR(0x0) 38 values: 0 4294967295 0 0,0 value: 256 Planes: id crtc 0,0 fb 0 CRTC x,y x,y 0x00000001 gamma formats:size AR24 RG24 RG16 AR15 AR12 C8 props: possible crtcs 32 33 8 type: 41 0,0 flags: immutable enum 0,0 0 enums: Overlay=0 Primary=1 Cursor=2 0x00000001 formats: AR24 XR24 RG24 RG16 AR15 XR15 AR12 value: 0XR12 C8 props: 307 IN_FORMATStype: flags: immutable blobenum blobs: enums: Overlay=0 Primary=1 Cursor=2 value: 1 16 FB_ID: 01000000000000000600000018000000 flags: object value: 41 01000000300000004152323452473234 17 IN_FENCE_FD: flags: signed 52473136415231354152313243382020range values: -1 2147483647 3f000000000000000000000000000000 value: -1 19 CRTC_ID: 0000000000000000 flags: object in_formats blob decoded: value: 33 AR24: LINEAR(0x0)12 CRTC_X: flags: signed range RG24: LINEAR(0x0) values: -2147483648 2147483647 RG16value: LINEAR(0x0)0 13 CRTC_Y: AR15flags: signed LINEAR(0x0)range values: -2147483648 2147483647 AR12: LINEAR(0x0) value: 0 14 CRTC_W: C8 flags: range values: 0 LINEAR(0x0) Frame buffers: id2147483647 value: 480 15 CRTC_H: size pitch flags: range values: 0 2147483647 value: 800 8 SRC_X: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 9 SRC_Y: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 10 SRC_W: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 31457280 11 SRC_H: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 52428800 34 0 0 0,0 0,0 0 0x00000001 formats: AR24 RG24 RG16 AR15 AR12 C8 props: 7 type: flags: immutable enum enums: Overlay=0 Primary=1 Cursor=2 value: 0 16 FB_ID: flags: object value: 0 17 IN_FENCE_FD: flags: signed range values: -1 2147483647 value: -1 19 CRTC_ID: flags: object value: 0 12 CRTC_X: flags: signed range values: -2147483648 2147483647 value: 0 13 CRTC_Y: flags: signed range values: -2147483648 2147483647 value: 0 14 CRTC_W: flags: range values: 0 2147483647 value: 0 15 CRTC_H: flags: range values: 0 2147483647 value: 0 8 SRC_X: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 9 SRC_Y: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 10 SRC_W: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 11 SRC_H: flags: range values: 0 4294967295 value: 0 Frame buffers: id size pitch |
We have a HDMI connector, which can be used with the encoder of id 31, that is the DPI encoder. Indeed, the RGB parallel interface of the STM32 processor is fed on the board into an HDMI transceiver, that goes out with HDMI signals on connector CN9. So from the point of view of the SoC, it is a parallel RGB interface, but thanks to the HDMI transceiver on the Discovery board, it is in fact usable as an HDMI connector.
The second connector is the DSI connector, which can be used with encoder of id 3330, i.e the DSI encoder, which makes sense.
So let’s ask modetest to display its test picture on the DSI connector, which has id 34 30 for DSI panel resolution is 480×800, so we’ll use the following command:
# modetest -s 3431:480x800
And voilà:
Now if we plug an HDMI screen to the HDMI connector, the modetest output about connector 29 changes as the connector is no longer disconnected:
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Connectors: id encoder status name size (mm) modes encoders 3229 0 connected HDMI-A-1 520x320 35 3128 modes: index name refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp vss vse vtot #0 refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp vss vse vtot) #0 1280x720 60.00 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #1 1280x720 60.00 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #1#2 800x600 75.00 800 816 896 1056 600 601 604 625 49500 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver #3 720x480 59.94 #2720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver #4 720x480 59.94 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver props: 1 EDID: flags: immutable blob blobs: value: 00ffffffffffff0009d10a7845540000 1d120103803420782ec5c4a3574a9c23 124f52a56b807100810095008180b300 a940d1000101283c80a070b023403020 360007442100001a000000ff00463738 30303937345a4c300a20000000fd0032 551f5e11000a202020202020000000fc 0042656e51204732343030570a2001e6 02031af14604900301850766030c0010 00008301000023090707011d007251d0 1e206e285500c48e2100001f011d8018 711c1620582c2500c48e2100009e8c0a d08a20e02d10103e9600c48e21000019 023a801871382d40582c4500c48e2100 0006d60980a020e02d1008602200128e 2108081800000000000000000000002c 2 DPMS: flags: enum enums: On=0 Standby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3 value: 0 5 link-status: flags: enum enums: Good=0 Bad=1 value: 0 6 non-desktop: flags: immutable range values: 0 1 value: 0 419 TILECRTC_ID: flags: object immutable blob value: 0 blobs: |
So we can ask modetest to display a 1280×720 picture on the HDMI screen:
# modetest -s 3229:1280x720
Enabling Qt5 support in Buildroot
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# /usr/lib/qt/examples/gui/analogclock/analogclock -platform linuxfb
Then, another one which allows to test the touch panel:
# /usr/lib/qt/examples/widgets/scroller/graphicsview/graphicsview -platform linuxfb
And a more “complete” and useful application, which as you can see does not fit very well on a 480×800 screen in portrait mode, but also allows to use the touchscreen:
# /usr/lib/qt/examples/widgets/widgets/calculator/calculator -platform linuxfb
Filesystem size
To conclude this article, let’s have a look at the size of our filesystem size. After a completely clean build (make clean all), Buildroot can generate a nice graph of the filesystem size using make graph-size. In our case, it generates the following graph:
very well on a 480×800 screen in portrait mode, but also allows to use the touchscreen:
#
Filesystem size
To conclude this article, let’s have a look at the size of our filesystem size. After a completely clean build (make clean all), Buildroot can generate a nice graph of the filesystem size using make graph-size. In our case, it generates the following graph:
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/usr/lib/qt/examples/) on the target). Also, the dejavu font package is quite large, with 9.6 MB.